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Arrange for Change Tutorial Print E-mail

Arrange for ChangeOne of the biggest challenges faced by front-line communicators of climate change is how to organize and keep track of the overwhelming amount of information available from sources all over the planet. We developed this training tool to help bring key pieces of the most current climate science into a useful format that interpreters and educators could apply in their daily contacts.

Global climate change is incredibly complex. It's directly connected to almost every scientific discipline, it is often presented as controversial or political, and it affects every living being on the planet, today and into the future. This tutorial offers communicators a structure for keeping track of the information, and at the same time, arranging it so the larger theme and meanings regarding climate change are more accessible to their audiences.

The Decision Tree… is an analogy. The branches of the tree represent categories of climate change impacts (based on the findings of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 2004). The leaves are analogous to specific questions being asked by audiences at our sites and classrooms. The trunk serves to remind us of the many influences that form the climate and of their combined effects. Finally, the tree as a whole, represents the global nature of climate change—a phenomena to acknowledge and represent as honestly and clearly as we can.

As you explore each of the branches, you will examine questions already being asked by users at our sites. You will identify the key theme about climate change associated with these questions and see examples for a range of possible responses. Interpreters know that in order to be prepared to help their audiences make true connections to meanings, they must have a broad range of responses available to meet their audience's needs and interests. Using cues to gauge the audience's interest, "Decision Points" occur where specific approaches or strategies can be chosen. Throughout the tutorial, we therefore offer Basic, in-depth, and Interpretive Responses that can guide the conversation toward a larger meaning about global change. These responses take advantage of interpretive techniques that can be used in a variety of settings and with diverse audiences. They are intended to serve as catalysts to inspire your own range of responses, which you’ll develop as you make this information your own This tool is intended to get you started’ the real fun begins when you start growing your own tree!

Arrange for Change productsThe Arrange for Change Decision Tree was designed as a training tool to prepare interpreters for informal conversations with their visitors. A traveling exhibit and interpretive brochure were also developed as accompanying components for this project. This tool prepares the interpreter to take the questions, the exhibit provides a catalyst for the dialogue to get started, and the brochure gives the audience a take-home reminder. If you're interested in hosting the traveling display, or if you'd like to receive copies of the "Climate Change in National Parks" brochure, contact us at the link at the bottom of this page.

We need to understand our changing climate well enough to be brokers for the science, to give context to the uncertainties, and to offer our audiences meaningful responses that inspire stewardship rather than despair. Although there are no easy answers for this complex societal issue, it is possible, and necessary, to have an informed dialogue about this critical issue and to raise awareness for its significance to our parks and for our culture.

For additional information on the Interpretive process:

 
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News Features

 ETS V

ETS V

Communicating Climate Change

September 26 – 30, 2011

USFWS National Conservation Training Center and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

This  week-long course drew upon the expertise of NASA, FWS and NPS to examine climate change and its effects on natural and cultural resources in parks and refuges; and to explore effective techniques in  communicating about climate change with the public.

Selected presentations from the course will be posted to the Earth to Sky website as they become available.

 

Monitoring Climate Change In The Smokies

Monitoring Climate Change In The Smokies

The Smokies are known for their amazing biodiversity, lush forests and unique high elevation ecosystem.  Watch this video to find out how a changing climate may impact the resources that make the Smokies so special.

 

Monitoring Change in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Ranger Joy: Welcome to Great Smoky Mountains National Park, spanning across the North Carolina and Tennessee state lines, it is home to some of the greatest biodiversity within the park system.

Change is natural for our world, day-to-day changes in temperature, humidity, etc. we call weather. This what you see when you walk out your door. Climate on the other hand, is what you expect to experience when you walk out the door. It is the average of weather over a period of at least 30 years and longer.

Here in our beloved Smoky Mountains, we have many questions about the impacts of a changing climate.  In fact, we have more questions than answers but asking the right questions is part of the process of understanding how to best protect the Smokies in a time of uncertainty.

I’ll let ranger Paul discuss some of these questions we’re asking here in the Smokies.

Ranger Paul: Overall, the earth is getting warmer. Predictions for the Southern Appalachian Mountains show that temperatures may warm less here however warming in other areas is expected to impact our weather patterns. Our biggest concern is the amount of precipitation in Smokies and how it is distributed in time and space.

Historically, most precipitation falls as steady light rain and our highest mountain peaks are often under a blanket of fog. As climate changes we are expecting a shift to more extreme weather events such as summer and winter storms

In the Smokies, park managers are studying what this may mean for the beautiful park we protect. 

How will more intense storms impact streams and the life within?

Will stress from changes in moisture and temperature impact the ecosystem’s ability to adapt to threats from exotic species or acid deposition?

To discover how park plants and animals are responding to climate change, we need many eyes out in the park making observations.  If you are participating in one of our school programs you may be assisting with this research by collecting data for our monitoring programs 

Changes like the timing of leaf color turning, are important to keep track of. The study of the timing of these changes is called “phenology”.  Park visitors, including students help rangers make observations about phenology and these observations are entered into a database allowing for comparisons over time.

Some of the timing of these changes is triggered by temperature. Unusual warm spells in winter can trigger some trees to begin to open their buds too early, and if the temperature gets cold again, the leaves freeze. This puts the tree under stress, making it more susceptible to diseases and insects.

The timing of other events, such as bird migration, may be controlled more by day length, which isn’t changing. In the Smokies, if the hatching of caterpillar eggs is controlled by temperatures, but the birds keep to the same migration schedule, birds may face a shortage of food for continued migration or for feeding young.   

Researchers have been tracking bird migrations in the Smokies for years, so we have some baseline data to help us recognize if there are any shifts.

At our highest elevations we have many endemic species that are only found in the Smokies. Our highest elevations may be affected by changes in moisture and temperature.

Is their habitat shrinking? 

Are plants and animals shifting up in elevation seeking refuge from warming temperatures at lower elevations? 

What is happening to stream temperatures and flow?

Brook trout are native to the cooler, high-elevation streams here in the Smokies. Brook trout are already squeezed between warm water at lower elevations, where they compete with non-native rainbow and brown trout, and the acidified headwaters of some streams.  If the streams warm further, they may have no place left to reproduce.

The spruce fir moss spider is a tiny tarantula that is a federally endangered species and lives under damp moss at high elevations.  If fog lessens due to changing moisture distribution, the moss may dry out and the habitat this spider depends on may disappear.

Ranger Joy: There are many things you can do to help reduce your impact on climate change.

Get involved and be a part of making a difference by participating in citizen science projects, which help us monitor changes in ecosystems in the Smokies

You can study phenology in your own back yard by recording when trees and flowers bloom or observing birds at a feeder.

For additional things you can do to help reduce your impact you can visit these websites:

National Phenology Network
www.usanpn.org
Project Bud Burst
www.budburst.ucar.edu

Citizen Science Central
www.birds.cornell.edu/citscitoolkit
“Announcing - ETSe

“Announcing - ETSe"

"An Introduction to Communicating About Climate Change"

Earth to Sky's 2011 Electronic Workshop 
Five 90-minute Webinars over three weeks: Feb 28th, March 4th, 7th, 9th, and 23rd 
All sessions at 2 PM Eastern time.

A new format for our "Communicating Climate Change" workshops, this series provides an introduction to the meanings and techniques for communicating about this critical resource issue.  It features several presenters from our previous workshops and is open to any interpreter, education specialist, or communication specialist interested in communicating about climate change. Registrants do not need to be federal employees. There is no charge for this course.

Workshop Materials:

Archives and presentations are available on the ETSE tab, above: ETSE tab

Drought Drives Decade-Long Decline in Plant Growth

Drought Drives Decade-Long Decline in Plant Growth

WASHINGTON -- Global plant productivity that once was on the rise with warming temperatures and a lengthened growing season is now on the decline because of regional drought according to a new study of NASA satellite data.

Plant productivity is a measure of the rate of the photosynthesis process that green plants use to convert solar energy, carbon dioxide and water to sugar, oxygen and eventually plant tissue. Compared with a 6 percent increase in plant productivity during the 1980s and 1990s, the decline observed over the last decade is only 1 percent. The shift, however, could impact food security, biofuels and the global carbon cycle.

Researchers Maosheng Zhao and Steven Running of the University of Montana in Missoula discovered the global shift from an analysis of NASA satellite data. The discovery comes from an analysis of plant productivity data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on NASA's Terra satellite, combined with other growing season climate data, including temperature, solar radiation and water.

"We see this as a bit of a surprise, and potentially significant on a policy level because previous interpretations suggested global warming might actually help plant growth around the world," Running said.

Previous research found land plant productivity was on the rise. A 2003 paper in the journal Science led by scientist Ramakrishna Nemani, now a researcher at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., showed the 6 percent increase in global terrestrial plant productivity between 1982 and 1999. The increase was traced to nearly two decades of temperature, solar radiation and water availability conditions, influenced by climate change, that were favorable for plant growth.

Setting out to update that analysis, Zhao and Running expected to see similar results as global average temperatures continued to climb. Instead, they found the negative impact of regional drought overwhelmed the positive influence of a longer growing season, driving down global plant productivity between 2000 and 2009. The team published its findings Thursday in Science.

"This is a pretty serious warning that warmer temperatures are not going to endlessly improve plant growth," Running said.

Zhao and Running's analysis showed that since 2000, high-latitude Northern Hemisphere ecosystems have continued to benefit from warmer temperatures and a longer growing season. But that effect was offset by warming-associated drought that limited growth in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in a net global loss of land productivity.

"This past decade’s net decline in terrestrial productivity illustrates that a complex interplay between temperature, rainfall, cloudiness, and carbon dioxide, probably in combination with other factors such as nutrients and land management, will determine future patterns and trends in productivity," said Diane Wickland, program manager of the Terrestrial Ecology research program at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

Researchers want to continue monitoring these trends in the future because plant productivity is linked to shifting levels of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and stresses on plant growth that could challenge food production.

"Even if the declining trend of the past decade does not continue, managing forests and crop lands for multiple benefits to include food production, biofuel harvest, and carbon storage may become exceedingly challenging in light of the possible impacts of such decadal-scale changes," Wickland said.

For information and video about this new research, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/plant-decline.html

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This website is based upon work supported by NASA under award No. NNH09CF00C.